Symposia

In-Person Registration

Gary Armstrong

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Gary T. Armstrong is the Interim Vice President of Academic Affairs and a professor of political science at William Jewell College. He earned his Ph.D. in 1994 at Georgetown University, where he served as research assistant to political scientist, political economist and author Francis Fukuyama, as well teaching assistant to former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. His dissertation focused on the clash between Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge over terminating the war with Imperial Germany in 1918. Armstrong is both an instructor and alumnus of The Fund for American Studies (TFAS) in Washington, D.C., where he teaches American foreign policy. His research interests include war termination and war ethics.

Session title and summary coming soon.

Jonathan Boff

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Jonathan Boff is a Reader in History and War Studies at the University of Birmingham. He specializes in the military history of the First and Second World Wars, with particular interest in the construction of grand strategy and in institutional innovation and adaptation under stress. Currently an AHRC Leadership Fellow, he is researching a book on money in wartime which will be published by Oxford University Press in 2024. His last monograph, “Haig's Enemy: Crown Prince Rupprecht and Germany's War on the Western Front, 1914-18" was published by Oxford University Press in 2018 and won the British Army Book of the Year award as well as joint winner of the World War One Association’s Tomlinson Prize. Educated at Merton College, Oxford and the Department of War Studies, King's College London, Boff spent twenty years working in finance before returning to academia. He serves on the councils of the National Army Museum and Army Records Society, has worked as a historical consultant with the British Army and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs (USA) and is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

"Sacrifice and Savers: Citizenship in Wartime"
The First World War saw economics used as a weapon as never before. Whether Allied or Central Power, each tried to blockade the other into submission at or under the sea. Less famous, however, is the way both sides used money to mobilize support for the war effort, encouraging their people to save and to go without until sacrifice became a mark of good citizenship.

Sara Egge

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Sara Egge is the Claude D. Pottinger Professor of History at Centre College in Danville, Ky. She received her Ph.D. from Iowa State University with emphases in rural, political and gender histories. At Centre College, Egge teaches courses on citizenship theory, the United States in World Wars I and II, and gender history in the United States. She has published articles in several journals, including Agricultural History, the Middle West Review and the Annals of Iowa. Her scholarship on woman suffrage and citizenship became a book entitled “Woman Suffrage and Citizenship in the Midwest, 1870-1920,” which won the Benjamin Shambaugh Award for best book in Iowa history and the Gita Chaudhuri Prize from the Western Association of Women Historians for the best book on rural women from any time and any place.

"Sacrifice and Loyalty: Woman Suffrage, Citizenship, and World War I"
The patriotic fervor that erupted in the United States during World War I upended expectations about citizenship. Public calls for service to the nation were inclusive of American women, and thousands mobilized for the war effort. But women’s war mobilization only partly explains why politicians previously opposed to woman suffrage ultimately embraced it. Nativist sentiments, aimed mostly at Germans, exploded during the war, leading to xenophobic federal legislation such as the Alien and Sedition Acts. Suffragists were often the loudest opponents of declarant suffrage – voting by noncitizens who had not finished the naturalization process – and their efforts to disenfranchise legally voting noncitizens while simultaneously demanding the ballot for themselves reveals how WWI exposed the contradictory nature of citizenship.

Richard Shawn Faulkner

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Richard Shawn Faulkner is a Professor of Military History of the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. He served for 23 years in the Army as an armor officer. His assignments included serving as a tank company commander in the 1st Armored Division during Operation Desert Storm and as an instructor of American History at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He holds a master's degree in American History from the University of Georgia and a PhD in American History from Kansas State University. He is the author of “The School of Hard Knocks: Combat Leadership in the American Expeditionary Forces” (Texas A&M Press, 2012), which was the recipient of the Society for Military History's 2013 Distinguished Book Award. His second book, “Pershing's Crusaders: The American Soldier in World War I” was published by the University Press of Kansas in 2017.

Richard Fogarty

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Richard S. Fogarty earned his Ph.D. in History at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and is Associate Professor of History at the University at Albany, State University of New York. He is the author of “Race and War in France: Colonial Subjects in the French Army, 1914-1918" (2008) and the co-editor of “Empires in World War I: Shifting Frontiers and Imperial Dynamics in a Global Conflict” (2014) and of the Africa section of “1914-1918-online, International Encyclopedia of the First World War.” He is currently working on a book about the French colonial empire during the First World War, “Greater France and the Great War,” and a longer-term project about Muslim North African prisoners of war in Germany tentatively titled “Under Strange Moons: Islam, Captivity and Contested Identities during the First World War.”

"Aux armes, citoyens! Military Service and National Belonging in the French Colonial Empire"
The French republican national anthem, “La Marseillaise,” famously called to arms its newly empowered citizens in 1798. In 1914, in another moment of invasion and existential peril, the French Republic once again called upon its citizens to defend the nation—the guarantor of their rights to liberty, equality and fraternity. But the call also went out to men and families who did not enjoy these rights, and whose homes were far away from the German armies that threatened the French homeland. Republican traditions tying military service to citizenship were powerful, leading to some attempts to recognize colonial subjects’ service through expanded political rights. The stories of the successes and failures of these efforts tell us much about the ways the Great War did and did not reshape ideas about citizenship.

Alice Kessler-Harris

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Alice Kessler-Harris is the R. Gordon Hoxie Professor of American History, Emerita, at Columbia University where she was also Professor in the Institute for Research on Women and Gender and held appointments in the Columbia University School of Law. Kessler-Harris specializes in the history of American labor and twentieth-century social policy. The author of four books, her work “In Pursuit of Equity: Women, Men and the Quest for Economic Citizenship in Twentieth Century America” (2001), which won the Bancroft, Taft, Joan Kelly and Herbert Hoover prizes. She is best known for the now classic “Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States” (1982, 2001). She is co-editor of, among other books, “Protecting Women: Labor Legislation in Europe, Australia, and the United States, 1880-1920" (1995), “Democracy and Social Rights in the ‘Two Wests’” (2009) and “Democracy and the Welfare State” (2018), which explores the impact of expanding citizenship rights in Western Europe and the U.S.

Kessler-Harris is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the American Philosophical Society. She is a past president of the American Studies Association, the Labor and Working Class History Association and the Organization of American Historians.

"Paradoxes of Women’s Citizenship: The War and After"
We imagine World War I, and perhaps war in general, as moments when women grasp new opportunities to abandon old customs and expectations. In the United States, women became freer, job opportunities more available and after 50 years of struggle, they won the vote. They seemed in line to become more active participants in our democracy. But a closer look at the effects of the war reveals a more complicated story about the effects of women’s expanded citizenship. This lecture will explore some of the paradoxical implications of women’s new freedom.

Eric Lohr

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Eric Lohr is Chair of the History Department at American University whose research interests include Russia in early 20th Century, particularly during its revolutionary period and World War I. Lohr is the author of “Russian Citizenship: From Empire to Soviet Union” (Harvard University Press, 2012) and “Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign Against Enemy Aliens during World War I” (Harvard University Press, 2003). He previously taught at Harvard as an assistant professor of History (2000-2003). He is currently writing “The Brothers Trubetskoi: Between Tsar and Revolution” and “Russia’s War, 1914-1918: From Total Mobilization to Total Demobilization.”

"Russian Citizenship during WWI"
The Russian Empire closed its borders to migrants going in or out, stopped naturalization of foreigners, and conducted a massive campaign to intern German, Austrian and Ottoman subjects and to expropriate their (extensive) properties and businesses. German-owned businesses accounted for a very substantial portion of the most advanced sectors of the Russian economy, so these measures were significant both for the war effort and as a precedent for the massive increase in state involvement in the economy during the war. All these measures were implemented in global action—reaction with other great powers at war.